The casting surface characteristics formed during the titanium flange casting process depend on the ability of liquid titanium to replicate the surface contour of the mold (roughness, clarity, mechanical sand adhesion, etc.) and the tendency to form macroscopic roughness (cold shut, flow marks, surface pores, cracks, inclusions, wrinkles, etc.), as well as the tendency of liquid titanium to undergo chemical reactions with the mold (casting scars, a-fouling layer, chemical sand adhesion, etc.).

The surface quality of titanium flange castings is measured by surface roughness and macroscopic roughness. Surface roughness refers to the degree to which the surface contour of a casting is uneven, measured in micrometers and typically expressed as Ra or Rz. The macroscopic roughness of castings refers to the nearly uniform linear curvature of visible microscopic irregularities on the surface of castings, such as cold shuts, flow marks, cracks, surface holes, and inclusions.

One of the characteristics of titanium flange castings is the tendency to form flow marks and cold shuts. Another important measure of the surface quality of titanium flange castings is the thickness of the fouling layer, which directly affects the subsequent use of the castings.

The influencing factors of the casting surface characteristics formed during the casting process of titanium flange castings are introduced as follows.

The surface quality of titanium flange castings largely depends on the quality, roughness, and thermochemical stability of the mold surface. The larger the particle size of the surface material of the mold, the greater the roughness of the casting surface. The surface roughness, thermal conductivity, and wetting properties of molten titanium on the mold, as well as the pre-treatment state of the mold before pouring, have a significant impact on the surface quality of titanium flange castings.